Two Orthodox Jewish MLB pitchers juggle baseball religion

It’s a decision that hasn’t come up a lot, if at all, over the last almost century-and-a-half of Major League Baseball. Two young pitchers, just drafted by the MLB and ready to start their careers, face a choice when it comes to playing on the seventh day of the week: The Sabbath? Or sliders?

The Orthodox Jewish athletes were chosen in last week’s MLB draft by National League teams. Pitcher Elie Kligman, 18, was drafted by the Washington Nationals, while pitcher Jacob Steinmetz, 17, is the choice of the Arizona Diamondbacks.

Neither player has formally signed with either team as yet.

Mr. Kligman, 18, has said he won’t play the game on Shabbat, the Hebrew term for the weekly day of rest. Mr. Steinmetz, 17, won’t ride in a vehicle on the Sabbath but has told various media outlets he will pitch.

Speaking with The Washington Times from a road game with the Israeli Olympic Baseball team, Mr. Kligman said he would have to develop a specific strategy were he to sign with the Nationals.

“I think it’s just a lot of whatever the team wants me to do,” Mr. Kligman said. “If they wanted me to go to the park, I have to be there. But you know, obviously, as long as they’re in the parameters of keeping [the Sabbath], then I think I’ll just kind of do what I need to do.”

The timing of the Sabbath in Judaism can pose particular problems for ballplayers. An observant player could miss not only a Friday night game, a Saturday afternoon start â€" even, in some instances, the beginning of a Saturday night game.

Deciding what to do on the Sabbath â€" and what to abstain from â€" can be tricky. Along with the 613 commandments found in the Hebrew Bible, called the “Old Testament” by Christians, there are rules and regulations contained in the Talmud, which contains rabbinical teachings and commentary on the Bible’s teachings.

Drawing from the second book of the Hebrew Scriptures, rabbis over the centuries have defined 39 categories of activity that fall under the category of “work,” which is prohibited in Exodus 31:14-15. Those categories, called “melachot” in Hebrew, cover a range of activities including agricultural and construction tasks. While sports are not defined, one scholar suggested that some things which transpire while playing baseball would fall under the rubric.

“I think with baseball, you can come up with any number of kinds of work that would apply, including just you know, digging up grass, while you’re walking on the field,” said conservative Rabbi Joshua Hammerman of Temple Beth El in Stamford, Connecticut. “That’s, that’s a form of work. Not just digging up grass, but, but also throwing the ball a certain distance may involve work and rabbis have gone back and forth on questions like this, hitting a ball.”

One baseball historian, writer Ron Kaplan, wrote in a Jewish Telegraphic Agency news commentary that just 1 percent of the 22,000 players in the major leagues over the years â€" roughly 230 â€" have been Jewish. Some of these players, such as Hank Greenberg and Sandy Koufax, have had varying degrees of observance. Mr. Koufax, for example, famously refused to pitch on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, but he would pitch on the Sabbath, Rabbi Hammerman noted.  

“I’m sure he didn’t love it. I’m sure he was aware of it,” Rabbi Hammerman said of Mr. Koufax, who was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1972. “He was very aware of his Jewish identity. But he did [play], and that’s a compromise he had to make. He drew the line at holidays, especially Rosh Hashana [the Jewish New Year] and Yom Kippur.”

Although neither Mr. Kligman nor Mr. Steinmetz, as Orthodox Jewish believers, would be likely to consult a conservative-branch cleric for advice relative to the Sabbath, Rabbi Hammerman told a reporter how he would advise them.

“I  think it would become a matter of personal conscience. I wouldn’t hedge in saying that,” he explained, noting the conservative tradition of having the principal Sabbath service on Friday evenings to allow those immigrant constituents who had to work on Sabbath to still have a worship experience. But, he said, “It’s very hard to justify it in terms of the tradition.”

The Sabbath-in-the-National-League question may become a moot point, however. Both teens have college prospects in front of them â€" Mr. Steinmetz at Fordham University in the Bronx, a New York City borough. Mr. Kligman’s father Marc Kligman, a sports attorney and agent, said his son hasn’t settled on a school yet.

While it’s possible the young sportsmen will bypass the majors for college â€" the senior Mr. Kligman said his son might want to get “a bit more seasoning” â€" it’s also possible that either, or both, will have to reconcile their beliefs with baseball’s demands.

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